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Past Tense | Lang lakar | लङ्लकार | - Learn Sanskrit

 

 Past Tense in Sanskrit for beginners :

You will learn about past tense (lang laakaar/लङ्लकार)  with examples and tips of how to construct sentences in the past tense.

 


 

परस्मैपदी endings of Past Tense

SingularDualPluralPerson
अम्1st
स् (ः)तम्2nd
त्ताम्अन्3rd
 
 अ + Verbal root + विकरणप्रत्यय + ending of person = Verb
  • अ is added before the verbal root
  • Unless अ is added to any verbal root, it will not be considered as a past form
  • So, this अ is very important
  • Because this अ indicates that it is the past form of any verbal root
 

पठ् (1 PP) – to speak

अ + पठ् + अ + त् = अपठत्
  • Note – the हलन्त त् (half त्) is indication of PP ending
  • In the similar way we can make other past forms of the verbal root पठ्
 
 पठ् (1 PP) – to speak
SingularDualPluralPerson
अपठम्अपठावअपठाम1st
अपठःअपठतम्अपठत2nd
अपठत्अपठताम्अपठन्3rd
 
Similarly, रम् (to enjoy), धाव् (to run), हस् (laugh/smile) etc. will be declined

नश् (1 PP) – to perish

SingularDualPluralPerson
अनश्यम्अनश्यावअनश्याम1st
अनश्यःअनश्यतम्अनश्यत2nd
अनश्यत्अनश्यताम्अनश्यन्3rd
 
Similarly, सिध् (to originate/be successful), नृत् (to dance), etc. will be declined

लिख् (6 PP) – to write

SingularDualPluralPerson
अलिखम्अलिखावअलिखाम1st
अलिखःअलिखतम्अलिखत2nd
अलिखत्अलिखताम्अलिखन्3rd
 
Similarly, प्रच्छ - पृच्छ् (to ask), इष् - इच्छ् (to wish/desire), etc. will be declined

कथ् (10 PP) – to tell

SingularDualPluralPerson
अकथयम्अकथयावअकथयाम1st
अकथयःअकथयतम्अकथयत2nd
अकथयत्अकथयताम्अकथयन्3rd
 
Similarly, पूज् (to worship), चिन्त् (to think), रच् (to arrange) etc. will be declined

आत्मनेपदी endings of Present Tense

SingularDualPluralPerson
वहिमहि1st
थास् (थाः)आथाम्ध्वम्2nd
आताम्अन्त3rd
 
  • Endings आथाम्      इथाम् and आताम्      इताम् in the case of 1st, 4th, 6th, and 10th groups only
  • In other remaining groups i.e. 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 8th and 9th this change will not take place

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भाष् (1 AP) – to speak

अ + भाष् + अ + त = अभाषत
  • Note – this त is not हलन्त (half त्). It is, therefore an AP ending
  • Please do not get confused between the two endings as each of them belong to two different types of roots
 

भाष् (1 AP) – to speak

SingularDualPluralPerson
अभाषेअभाषावहिअभाषामहि1st
अभाषथाःअभाषेथाम्अभाषध्वम्2nd
अभाषतअभाषेताम्अभाषन्त3rd
 
Similarly, सेव् (to serve), लभ् (to obtain) etc. will be declined
 

मन् (4 AP) – to accept

SingularDualPluralPerson
अमन्येअमन्यावहिअमन्यामहि1st
अमन्यथाःअमन्येथाम्अमन्यध्वम्2nd
अमन्यतअमन्येताम्अमन्यन्त3rd
 
Similarly, युध् (to fight), विद् (to be/exist), etc. will be declined
 

दिश् (6 AP) – to order

SingularDualPluralPerson
अदिशेअदिशावहिअदिशामहि1st
अदिशथाःअदिशेथाम्अदिशध्वम्2nd
अदिशतदिशेताम्अदिशन्त3rd
 
Similarly, मिल् (to meet), कृष् (to plough), etc. will be declined
 

मन्त्र् (10 AP) – to council/discuss

SingularDualPluralPerson
अमन्त्रयेअमन्त्रयावहिअमन्त्रयामहि1st
अमन्त्रयथाःअमन्त्रयेथाम्अमन्त्रयध्वम्2nd
अमन्त्रयतअमन्त्रयेताम्अमन्त्रयन्त3rd
 
Similarly, पूज् (to worship), अर्थ् (to wish/request), गण् (to count/take notice of), etc. will be declined
 

Few examples –

  1. I have studied – अहम् अपठम्|
  2. Boys have played – बालकाः अक्रीडन्|
  3. Pandava-s have fought – पाण्डवाः अयुध्यन्त|
  4. We have spoken – वयम् अभाषामहि| (AP) or वयम् अवदाम| (PP)

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Learn Sanskrit - Past tense

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Reviews

Rashmi Bansal's picture

Nicely explained